log F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl online dating vs tosielämä indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k
2nd, we size ining how odds of hukou intermarriage transform which have for every partner’s education (Gullickson and you may Torche, 2014), therefore after that evaluate version during the industry exchange between them metropolises.
record F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? p = step 1 dos ? p u pij + ? q = step one dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 dos ? p you pij + ? c ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Show
Descriptive contributes to Dining table 1 tell you hukou area pairings from spouses by the area. When you look at the Shanghai, from the 47% off micro-census was basically developed anywhere between a few migrants; inside the Shenzhen, you to percentage was more than 70%. On 38% out of marriage ceremonies inside two regional partners for the Shanghai, whereas 15% out-of marriages got two local spouses within the Shenzhen. Certainly, some one had a tendency to get married in their hukou standing group in metropolitan areas. Both in metropolitan areas, marriages between a local spouse and you will an excellent migrant spouse was indeed far apt to be than marriage ceremonies between a good migrant partner and a city partner that occurs (13% versus. 3% in Shanghai and you can eleven% compared to. 4% into the Shenzhen). The brand new portion of hukou area homogamy is similar in the a couple of cities. Yet, you want to understand the outcomes that have caution, since the show from migrants is different during these a couple of towns and cities. This new cousin sized migrants and you can neighbors creates structural marital options for folks to get possible partners and in the end ). Log-linear study lets us take a look at the degree of hukou homogamy, websites of compositional outcomes, from the controlling for marginal distributions out of hukou position.
Desk 1.
We basic establish this new withdrawals out-of degree attainment to possess migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you will local wives for the for every city, respectively, in the Contour step 1 . An average of, migrants was reduced experienced than locals, aside from gender, in both Shanghai and Shenzhen. One of migrants, men are best educated than simply feamales in one another Shanghai and Shenzhen. However, among natives, this new gender gap inside studies are either brief if you don’t stopped: regional men an average of are only somewhat most readily useful experienced than simply the women equivalents in the Shenzhen, and you will regional feminine an average of be knowledgeable than the men alternatives in the Shanghai. Log-linear models control into the education inequalities ranging from someone and you can ranging from neighbors and you can migrants to capture brand new connectivity anywhere between spouses’ studies and you can between academic and you can hukou locality assortative mating, web of your own marginal withdrawals away from spouses’ faculties.